lk{kkRdkj
tyiq#"k MkW- jktsUæ flag ls Jh v'kksd vatqe dh ty ds
eqn~nksa ij egRoiw.kZ okrkZ
xr fnuksa eSXlsls
iqjLdkj fotsrk tyiq#"k MkW- jktsUæ flag ds vyhx<+ vkxeu ij dfo Jh v'kksd vatqe yxHkx iwjs fnu muds lkFk
jgsA bl chp Jh vatqe dh Jh jktsUæ flag ds ty fo"k;d vkUnksyu ds fo"k;
esa tks ckrphr gqbZ] mlds dqN va'k ;gk¡ izLrqr gSa&
v'kksd vatqe % igys
rks vki vius tUe] ifjokj vkfn ds ckjs esa crk;sa] vkSj fQj ty dks ysdj tks
vkius bruk cM+k vkUnksyu NsM+k mlds ckjs esa tkuuk pkgw¡xkA
jktsUæ flag % esjk
tUe xaxk vkSj ;equk ds chp fnYyh ds ikl fLFkr Mksyk uked xk¡o esa 6 vxLr 1959
dks gqvkA i<+kbZ Hkh lc ;gha jgdj dhA xk¡o esa ekrk&firk gSaA ge ik¡p
HkkbZ] nks cgusa gSaA esjk ,d csVk vkSj ,d csVh gSA csVs us Mh-lh-,e- ds eSustj
in ls vHkh nks fnu igys R;kxi= fn;k gSA eSaus mlls dgk gS fd de ls de ,d lky
esjs lkFk vkdj ikuh dk dke djks] og eu cuk jgk gSA csVh vklke ls lektdk;Z esa
dkslZ dj jgh gSA ¼dqN lksprs gq,½ eSa 1980 esa Hkkjr ljdkj dh lsok esa t;iqj
pyk x;kA tgk¡ pkj lky rd ukSdjh djus ds ckn ,d fnu eu esa ;g fopkj vk;k fd ge
ljdkj dh cgqr cM+h e'khu esa ekewyh&ls iqtsZ+a gSaA D;k ;w¡ gh thou dV
tk,xk\ rc 1984 esa vyoj ds ikl Fkkuk xkt+h rglhy ds xksikyiqjk xk¡o esa nokbZ
vkSj i<+kbZ dk dke 'kq: fd;kA ,d fnu ogk¡ ds ,d cw<+s fdlku ek¡xw dkdk ¼uke
;kn vkrs gh tSls vk¡[kksa esa J¼k Hkko mHkj vkrk gS½ us dgk&jtsUnj] nokbZ
vkSj i<+kbZ ckt+kj dh pht+ gS] rqe ,slk dke djks tks iSls ls u gksrk gks]
vkSj og gS ikuh dk dkeA rc eSaus ek¡xw dkdk ls dgk&ij eSaus rks ikuh dh
i<+kbZ ugha dhA os cksys&;gh rks vPNh ckr gS fd rqeus i<+h ughaA eSa
fl[kk nw¡xkA eSaus rikd ls iz'u fd;k&rqe eq>s fl[kk nksxs rks fQj rqe
D;ksa ugha djrs\ dkdk ;g lqudj dqN mnklh Hkjs Loj esa cksys&ftl fnu ls oksV
iM+us yxs xk¡o cV x;kA vc rks ;g dke dksbZ ckgj ls vkdj gh dj ldrk gSA
v'kksd vatqe % ¼chp esa Vksdrs gq, iwNk½ rc D;k mez jgh
gksxh vkidh\
jktsUæ flag % ;gh
dksbZ 25&26 lkyA --- gk¡ rks ek¡xw dkdk dh ckr ij ;dhu djds geus ikuh dk
dke 'kq: dj fn;kA rc ikuh dk cktkj ugha FkkA geus cknyksa ls fudyh ikuh dh
cw¡nksa dks idM+uk lh[kk] mUgsa /kjrh dh dks[k esa Mkyuk lh[kk] vkSj fQj t+:jr
iM+us ij ml ikuh dks fudkyuk lh[kkA
v'kksd vatqe %
vkius ikuh ij tks dke fd;k gS] bl dks ysdj vM+puas Hkh [kwc vk;h gksaxh\ ljdkjh joS;k vkids izfr dSlk jgk gS\
jktsUæ flag % tc ge
ikuh dk dke dj jgs Fks] rc 1986 esa flapkbZ vkSj ck<+ vf/kfu;e&1954 ds
rgr jktLFkku ljdkj us geij igyk eqdnek bl rdZ ds lkFk dj fn;k fd ge mldk ikuh
jksd jgs gSaA ge mlds f[kykQ yM+sA gekjk dguk Fkk fd gekjh t+ehu ij tks ikuh
cjlk gS] og gekjk gSA geus dsoy viuk ikuh jksdk gS] jktLFkku ljdkj dk ughA cM+h
rxM+h cgl fNM+ x;h fd ;g ikuh fdldk gS\ Hkwty fdldk gS\ lrgh ty fdldk gS\ vkSj
ikrky ty fdldk gS\ ge eqdnek thr x, vkSj ;g fu.kZ; gqvk fd lrgh ty mldk gS]
ftldh t+ehu ij cjlk gSA v/kksty] vxj ladV u gks rks futh gSA Hkwty vkSj ikrky
ty lcdk lk>k gS&blds lkFk T;knk NsM+NkM+ ugha dj ldrsA
v'kksd vatqe %
vkius jktLFkku dh [knkukas ls gks jgs ty ladV ds dkj.k reke [knkuksa dks can
djkus esa Hkh [kwc Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
jktsUæ flag % gk¡]
ekbfuax ds dkj.k jktLFkku ds dq¡, lw[k x, FksA ekbfuax ls vksoj ,DlIyksVsZ'ku
gks jgk FkkA ge blds f[kykQ lqizhe dksVZ x,A dksVZ ds igys fu.kZ; esa jktLFkku
dh 468 cM+h [knkusa can djkbZaA bl fu.kZ; dks ouHkwfe ij iwjs Hkkjr esa ykxw
djk;kA ns'k Hkj dk [knku ekfQ;k gekjs f[kykQ gks x;kA nks&rhu fnuksa esa
esjs f[kykQ 44 eqdnesa cuk, x,] ftuesa ls 3 cykRdkj ds vkSj 2 gR;k ds Hkh Fks
vkSj v'kksd th] et+s dh ckr ;s Hkh gS fd ;s x+Sjtekurh eqdnes gksus ij Hkh
eq>s dHkh vnkyr ugha tkuk iM+kA phQ tfLVl Jh oSadVpyS;k cM+s bZekunkj O;fDr
FksA mUgksaus jktLFkku ljdkj dks ikcan fd;k fd brus lkjs eqdnes dSls gq,\ buds
f[kykQ+ dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokgh djus ls igys dksVZ ls iwNk tk,A dqy feykdj 377
eqdnes gq,] ysfdu dHkh tsy ugha] Fkkus ugha] iqfyl ughaA vHkh Hkh gekjs ns'k
esa lPpkbZ gSA yksdra= esa reke [k+kfe;ksa ds chp Hkh lPpkbZ dHkh&dHkh thr
tkrh gSA
v'kksd vatqe % lp
dgk vkius! ---vPNk ;s crkb;s fd vkius ikuh dk dke 'kq# dSls fd;k\ ek¡xw dkdk dh
mlesa D;k Hkwfedk jgh\ LFkkuh; yksxksa dk joS;k dSlk Fkk\ 'kq# esa D;k&D;k
vM+pusa vk;ha\
jktsUæ flag %
gk¡] blh ij vk jgk gw¡A rks] ljlk unh ds
xksikyiqjk xk¡o ls geus ikuh dk dke 'kq# fd;kA njvly] 1980 esa ;g xk¡o csikuh
gksdj mtM+ x;k FkkA ;gk¡ ij cl dqN cw<+s yksx cps Fks] muds psgjs ij ykpkjh
Fkh] gkFkksa dks csdkjh Fkh vkSj 'kjhj dks chekjh FkhA igyk dke 1985 esa lEiUu
gqvkA LFkkuh; yksxksa ds lg;ksx ls Å¡pkbZ ij pkSrjs vkSj esoyksa okyk ck¡/k cuk;kA
blds curs gh cjlkr dk ikuh tks #dk rks uhps dh rjQ ds dq¡vksa esa ikuh vk x;kA
os ;qod tks ikuh ds dkj.k xk¡o ls iyk;u dj x, Fks] mudks cw<+ksa us okil
cqyk fy;kA tokuksa us ikuh ds vkrs gh [ksrh 'kq# dj nhA igyh Qly ij tokuksa us
lkspk fd nkor djrs gSaA rc rd xk¡o esa nw/k ugha Fkk] xk;&HkSal ugha FkhaA
eSaus ek¡xw dkdk ls dgk fd toku Nksjs ugha ekurs] nkor djuk pkgrs gSaA tokuksa
dk mYykl] tks'kA xk¡o ds yksxksa ds fj'rsnkjksa dh fyLV cukbZ x;hA lHkh dks
cqyk;kA 45 xk¡oksa ls dqy 60 yksx vk,A ;s esjs thou dh igyh ehfVax FkhA
v'kksd vatqe % cM+k jksekap gksxk eu esa] ,d cM+k dke tks
vkids ek/;e ls gqvk Fkk\
jktsUæ flag % vjs lquks rks] 60 yksx ml rkykc ds ikl cSB
x,A muesa ls dqN yksx cksys&jktsUnj us cM+k [k+jkc djk gSA vjs ;S rks
dysDVj dk dke lS&ik.kh fiyk.kkA vkSj yksxksa us Hkh leFkZu fd;k fd ;kS dke
rks m.kdk lS] ftUgas geus oksV fn;ks gSA ;S dke rks gesa ugha mUgsa dj.kkS gSA
ogha ds ,d ;qod guqeku us /khjs ls esjs dku esa g¡lrs gq, dgk&jktsUnj
HkkbZ] vc Fkkjk csM+k x+dZA vc ;g dke ugha gksus okykA yM+kbZ gksxhA vc dksbZ
QSlyk ugha gksus dkA gk¡] vxj vkt dh ehfVax lgh gks xbZ rks ;s ikuh dk dke vkxs
c<+ ldrk gSA rHkh ek¡xw dkdk ik¡p&N% cqM~<ksa ds chp esa ls
cksys&^vjs jktsUnj] rSus dk nqfu;k dk Bsdk mBk;k gS] ;s csdkj dh ckrsa djus
okys yksx lSa*A eSa cksyk&^ek¡xw dkdk] rw LokFkhZ gS] rsjs xk¡o dk vPNk dke
lkjs esa QSyuk pkfg,A* djhc ik¡p&N% feuV pqi jgus ds ckn ek¡xw dkdk mBdj
cksys&^lq.kksa HkbZ! eSa rks fj'rsnkjh dh [kkfrj rus cqyk;k FkkA rus gekjk
dke pks[kk ykxs rks djks] ugha rks nfy;k [kk;ks vkSj tkvksA ;gk¡ ij csdkj dh
ckrsa u djksA* ,d xjhc xk¡o dk iVsy ,sls cksy ns] ;s cgqr cM+h ckr FkhA vkil
esa rw&rw]eSa&eSa 'kq: gks xbZA ;s yM+kbZ jkr ds nks cts rd pyhA fdlh
us u nfy;k [kk;k] u ogk¡ ls mBkA rc nks cts ds ckn QSlyk gqvkA QSlyk lqukus
okys us dgk&^ns[kks HkkbZ] xksikyiqjk xjhc xk¡o Fkk] Egkjs ls NksVkA xk¡o
dS Nksjk okil vk x;kA ge buls vPNk djsaxsA* QSlys ds ckn lHkh us rkyh ctk;h]
nfy;k [kk;kA /khjs&/khjs ckr djus yxs&^jS jktsUnj] Egkjs xk¡o esa dn
vkosxk\* vkSj bl izdkj vxys lky 36 xk¡oksa esa ikuh dk dke 'kq: gks x;kA
v'kksd vatqe %
jktLFkku dh lkr ufn;ksa dks Hkh iquthZfor djus esa vkidh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh
gSA dkSu&dkSu lh ufn;k¡ gSa os] t+jk muds ckjs esa Hkh crkb;sA
jktsUæ flag % lcls
igys rks gesa ;g tkuuk gksxk fd unh lw[krh D;ksa gS\ ,d rks Hkwty [kkyh gksus
ij unh lw[krh gS] nwljs ukM+h :ih lksr ;kuh lM+ [kkyh gksus ij Hkh unh dk izokg
#d tkrk gSA 1996 esa Fkkuk x+kth]
jktLFkku dh vjojh unh us lcls igys cguk 'kq# fd;k] oks lnkuhjk gqbZA
1997 esa vtcx<+ {ks= dh ljlk unh] 1997 esa gh lfjLdk {ks= dh tgktokyh unh]
1996 esa Hkxkuh unh] vc ;s lHkh ufn;k¡ lnk uhjk gSaA 2008 esa lkoh esa ikuh
vk;k] ;s t;iqj ftys ls fudyrh gS vkSj fnYyh ds ikl ;equk esa feyrh gSA 2008 esa
gh lokbZ ek/kksiqj] pEcy {ks= dh egs'ojk iquthZfor gqbZ] tks djkSyh ls 'kq:
gksrh gSA ,d [kkl ckr&^ufn;k¡ cgrh rc gSa tc iquHkZj.k dh fLFkfr cuh jgsA
isM+] NksVs ck¡/k] pdMse vkfn unh ds thou ds fy, mi;ksxh gSaA geus fofHkUu
ufn;ksa ij yxHkx nl gtkj NksVs ck¡/k cuk;s] tgk¡ dh /kjrh dk isV [kqyk gqvk
FkkA ikuh tgk¡ nkSM+rk gks mls pyuk fl[kk nks] pyus yxs rks jSaxuk fl[kk nks]
jSaxus yxs rks /kjrh dk [kqyk isV fn[kk nks vkSj tc cqjk oDr vk;s rks viuk dke
pyk yks&;gh ikuh dk foKku gSA
v'kksd vatqe% vkt
Xykscy okfeZax dk [k+rjk rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA /kjrh rsth ls xeZ gks jgh gSA
;g xEHkhj leL;k gS] bl ij xgjs fopkj&foe'kZ ds lkFk tqVus dh vko';drk gSA
vki D;k dgrs gSa\
jktsUæ flag %
iznw"k.k dk eq[; dkj.k Xykscykbts'ku gS] ftlds QyLo:i fMQkWjsLVs'ku gks
jgk gSA ftlls feV~Vh cg tkrh gS vkSj ueh lekIr gks tkrh gS] Qyr% gfj;kyh Hkh
lekIr gks tkrh gSA /kjrh dh gfj;kyh vkSj ufn;ksa dh ifo=rk nksuksa gh cgqr
t+:jh gSaA ;s /k/kdrs ekSle dks Bhd djrh gSaA vkt feV~Vh dh ueh] /kjrh dh
gfj;kyh] Hkwfe dk dVko vkSj ufn;ksa ds isV dk teko&bu pkjksa ij dke djus dh
vko';drk gSA feV~Vh dh ueh ejrh tk jgh gSA vkt eq[; eqn~nk Hkkjr dks ck<+
vkSj lq[kkM+ ls cpkuk gSA
v'kksd vatqe %
vkidks ikuh ds {ks= esa fd, x, vkids egRoiw.kZ dk;ksZa ds fy, izfl¼
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eSXlsls iqjLdkj fn;k x;kA d`i;k bl iqjLdkj ds ckjs esa crkb,
fd ;s fdu&fdu dk;ksZa ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS vkSj iqjLd`r O;fDr dk p;u fdl
izdkj gksrk gS\
jktsUæ flag %
eSXlsls iqjLdkj izk;% mu yksxksa dks feyrk gS tks xjhcksa ds lkFk muds thou ls
tqM+h phtksa ds ckjs esa dke djrs gSaA p;u lfefr ds yksx nl lky rd QkWyks djrs
gSaA rhu ckj iqjLdkj laLFkk ds izfrfuf/k fQyhfiUl ls vk, Fks] ysfdu mUgksaus
dHkh ;g ugha crk;k fd os fdlh iqjLdkj laLFkk ds lnL; gSaA os izk;% vius dks
i=dkj dh rjg izLrqr djrs FksA ik¡p ls lkr fnu rd lkFk jgrs Fks] gj fnu lkFkA lp
crkš v'kksd th] rks eq>s bl eSXlsls iqjLdkj ds ckjs esa dqN ugha irk FkkA
ge rks cl viuk dke djrs FksA tc iqjLdkj dk fu.kZ; gqvk rks eSaus laLFkk ds
izslhMsaV ls iwNk fd ;s eSXlsls gS D;k\ rc os igys rks g¡lha] fQj cksyha fd
vkidks irk ugha ;gh lcls vPNh ckr gSA ml t+ekus esa] eryc 2001 esa iqjLdkj jkf'k 25 yk[k :i;s FkhA
;s yksx iwjk ns'k 20 fnu ?kqekus ds ckn iqjLdkj nsrs gSaA vkSj ,d vkSj
egRoiw.kZ ckr ;s fd iqjLdkj ysus okyk O;fDr eap ij cSBrk gS vkSj iqjLdkj nsus
ds fy, jk"Vªifr uhps ls eap ij vkdj rc iqjLdkj nsrk gSA
v'kksd vatqe %
vkius Hkh rks viuh laLFkk ds ek/;e ls i;kZoj.k ds {ks= esa fd, x, egRoiw.kZ
dk;ksZa ds fy, iqjLdkj 'kq: fd;k gS\
jktsUæ flag % gk¡]
geus ogk¡ ls lh[k dj i;kZoj.k izseh iqjLdkj 'kq: fd;k gS] tks p;fur O;fDr ds
;gk¡ Lo;a tkdj ml bykds ds egRoiw.kZ O;fDr ls Lo;a fnykrs gSaA vjojh unh dks
iquthZfor djus ds fy, geus ;g iqjLdkj Hkk¡ork ds fVekyk xk¡o dks fn;kA ftls
nsus ds fy, Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr ds-vkj- ukjk;.ku Lo;a fVekyk xk¡o rd
x;sA blls igys Hkkjr ds dksbZ Hkh jk"Vªifr fdlh xk¡o esa bl izdkj iqjLdkj
nsus ugha x;sA
v'kksd vatqe %
fizal pkYlZ vkids dke ls dkQh izHkkfor jgs gSaA os vkids fuea=.k ij vjojh unh
dks ns[kus Hkh vk;s FksA dqN ml izlax ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;saA
jktsUæ flag % fizal
pkYlZ us eq>s 2004 esa yanu cqyk;kA ogk¡ mUgksaus dgk fd geus vkids dke ds
ckjs esa lquk gSA nqfu;k dh ufn;k¡ lw[k jgh gSa] tcfd vkius ufn;ksa dks u;k
thou fn;k gSA ;s dSls laHko gqvk\ --- rc eSaus mUgas dkxt lkeus j[krs gq,
le>k;k fd gekjs ;gk¡ ikuh de cjlrk gSA ge ckfj'k dh cwanksa dks idM+dj /kjrh
ds isV esa Mky nsrs gSaA /kjrh ds isV esa fLFkr ikuh dks lwjt pksjh ugha dj
ldrk] og fQDl fMikWftV dh rjg gksrk gSA fizal pkYlZ us dgk&^oh dSu lh nht+
fjolZ\* ¼D;k eSa ;s unh ns[k ldrk gw¡\½ vkSj fQj uoEcj 2004 esa os ;gk¡ vk;s
vkSj vjojh unh ds fdukjs mls fugkjrs gq, yxHkx 6 ?k.Vs gekjs lkFk iSny pyrs
jgsA mUgksaus ;g ns[kdj dgk fd ge vius firk dh ;kn esa vkids dke ds fy, dqN /ku
nsuk pkgrs gSaA gesa vkidk dke cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA rc geus tks/kiqj ds ,d laxBu
dks og iSlk fnyk;kA ekywe fdruk\ 5 djksM+A ml ik¡p djksM+ ls dqN [k+kl dke ugha
gqvk] vxj vius xk¡o okyksa dks fnykrs rks cM+k dke gks tkrkA
v'kksd vatqe % dqN
vkSj egRoiw.kZ ckr tks vki ikuh ds fo"k; esa crkuk pkgrs gksaA
jktsUæ flag % geus
ikuh dks rS;kj djus ds fy, 130 rjg ds
fMtkbu rS;kj fd;s gSaA gekjs lkFk xk¡o ds yksx tqM+s gSa] bUgas cM+k Kku
gS] rxM+h le> gSA ;s tkurs gSa fd ft;ks dYpjy Mk;oflZVh dSlh gSA jktLFkku dk
fdlku ,d&,d cw¡n dk fglkc j[krk gS] tcfd ckxir] esjB] vyhx<+ dk fdlku
V~;wcoSy pykdj lks tkrk gSA
v'kksd vatqe % vki
tks ;s ikuh dk dke dj jgs gSa blds fy, QaM dgk¡ ls vkrk gS\
jktsUæ flag % bl
dke esa yksxksa dk viuk ilhus dk iSlk yxk gSA xjhcksa ds fy, pank djrs gSa]
iwjk ugha] 70 izfr'krA 30 izfr'kr os yksx viuh esgur dh dekbZ [kpZ djrs gSaA
ljdkj ls dHkh ,d iSlk ugha fy;kA
v'kksd vatqe %
ljojh unh ls tqM+k eNyh ds Bsdsnkjksa okyk izlax D;k gS\
jktsUæ flag % ¼eqLdqjkrs
gq,½ tc ljojh unh lw[kh Fkh rks ljdkj dk fQ'kjh fMikVZesaV Hkh lks;k gqvk FkkA
tc unh esa ikuh vk x;k rks 1996 esa fQ'kjh fMikVZesaV ds Mk;jsDVj us eNyh ekjus
ds Bsds nsus 'kq: dj fn;sA lkjh unh ijA rc ftuds [kwu&ilhus ls unh thfor
gqbZ Fkh] mUgkaus fojks/k fd;k fd ;s unh
gekjh gS] ;s ikuh gekjk gS vkSj eNyh Hkh gekjh gSaA rc xqykc lh- xqIr ¼e/;
izns'k gkbZdksVZ ds phQ tfLVl½] Vh-ds- fuHkku ¼jktLFkku ;wfuoflZVh ds oh-lh-½
rFkk dqN vkSj egRoiw.kZ yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa egkiapk;r gqbZ] ftlesa 7 gtkj
ls vf/kd yksx ,d= gq,A ogk¡ unh ds laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ QSlys fy, x,A unh dk
izca/ku jkT; dk nkf;Ro gS fdUrq unh dks 72 xk¡o ds yksxksa us thfor fd;k gS vr%
blds bLrseky dk iwjk vf/kdkj 72 xk¡o ds yksxksa dk gSA fu.kZ; gqvk fd izR;sd
xk¡o ls nks&nks izfrfuf/k pqus tk;sa] tks ikuh ds laj{k.k dk dke djsaA
Ms<+ ?k.Vs esa 162 yksxksa dh fyLV tt ds gkFkksa esa Fkek nh xbZA rc ls
yxHkx 13 lky gks x;s] lc dke lqpk: :i ls py jgs gSaA ikuh ds [kpZs okyh Qlysa
ogk¡ cSu gSaA ¼dqN nsj 'kkar jgdj os crkrs gSa½ tgk¡ rd esjs vius ikuh ds [kpZs
dh ckr gS] eSaus 5 lky rd izfrfnu 52 rkSys ikuh esa Luku fd;k gSA ,d dVksjs esa
ikuh ysdj mlesa vaxksNs dks fHkxksrk Fkk vkSj mlls lkjk cnu jxM+dj nwljs dVksjs
esa fupksM+rk FkkA [kwc rkt+xh vk tkrh FkhA vc Hkh eSa ,d ckYVh ls vf/kd [kpZ
ugha djrk] ;g Hkh eSaus iRuh ds vkxzg ij 'kq: fd;k gSA
v'kksd vatqe % cM+h
izlUurk dh ckr gS fd ljdkj us xaxk dks jk"Vªh; unh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k
gSA ,slk djus ls xaxk dh fLFkfr esa D;k ifjorZu gksus okyk gS\ D;k blls dksbZ
Qk;nk gksxk\
jktsUæ flag % ljdkj us xaxk ,D'ku Iyku ij 7100 djksM+ [kpZ
fd, ysfdu mldk ykHk dqN ugha gqvkA vr% bUgas dksbZ iwNus okyk ugha FkkA vc
jk"Vªh; unh ?kksf"kr gksus ij ftl izdkj jk"Vªh; /ot dks viekfur
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